For instance: def A wants to use def B, but def B can't be found. Other common errors are related to resolving cross-references.
Whitespace is just as evil, MyNamespace.M圜lass will leave you scratching your head forever as to why RimWorld can't find MyNamespace.M圜lass. compClass and CompClass are two different things.
Syntax errors include capitalisation errors and errant whitespace. RimWorld will not warn you: at best it will overload you with errors, at worst it will refuse to start. Get a text editor (or plug-in) that highlights or warns for these basic issues. A missing bracket, unclosed tag, empty file - these can all be avoided by using the proper tools. For beginning coders, the most common errors are formatting or syntax errors.